Gareth icke biography of albert einstein

  • The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein.
  • The foundations of laser physics were laid in 1917 by Albert Einstein, who introduced the principles of light-matter interaction by describing.
  • A technology center for the production of high-precision reflection gratings has been established.

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    . Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 1.

    Published in final edited form as: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2013 Jul 1;56(4):1287–1297. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0220)

    Abstract

    Purpose

    To determine if the naming impairment in aphasia is influenced by error learning and if error learning is related to type of retrieval strategy.

    Method

    Nine participants with aphasia and ten neurologically-intact controls named familiar proper noun concepts. When experiencing tip-of-the-tongue naming failure (TOT) in an initial TOT-elicitation phase, participants were instructed to adopt phonological or semantic self-cued retrieval strategies. In the error learning manipulation, items evoking TOT states during TOT-elicitation were randomly assigned to a short or long time condition where participants were encouraged to continue to try to retrieve the name for either 20 seconds (short interval) or 60 seconds (long). The incidence of TOT on the same items was measured on a post test after 48-hours. Error learning was defined as a higher rate of recurrent TOTs (TOT at both TOT-elicitation and post test) for items assigned to the long (versus short) time condition.

    Results

    In the phonological condition, participants with aphasia showed error learning whereas controls showed a patt

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    Rudolf Steiner

    Austrian esotericist (1861–1925)

    For other people named Rudolf Steiner, see Rudolf Steiner (disambiguation).

    Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 or 25 February 1861[1] – 30 March 1925) was an Austrianoccultist,social reformer, architect, esotericist,[11][12] and claimed clairvoyant.[13][14] Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as a literary critic and published works including The Philosophy of Freedom.[15] At the beginning of the twentieth century he founded an esoteric spiritual movement, anthroposophy, with roots in German idealist philosophy and theosophy. His teachings are influenced by ChristianGnosticism[i] or neognosticism.[17][18][19] Many of his ideas are pseudoscientific.[20] He was also prone to pseudohistory.[21]

    In the first, more philosophically oriented phase of this movement, Steiner attempted to find a synthesis between science and spirituality.[22] His philosophical work of these years, which he termed "spiritual science", sought to apply what he saw as the clarity of thinking characteristic of Western philosophy to spiritual questions,[23]: 291 

  • gareth icke biography of albert einstein